is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. During his time at the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes devised a calendar using his predictions about the, He was also very proud of his solution for. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. He was the first prose writer. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. The prime meridian plotted by Ptolemy was used by the Arabs for the calculation of time and longitudes. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt, commissioned Eratosthenes to run the Library of Alexandria, which became the most important center of knowledge in the region. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. It comes from the Old English words eor(th)e and ertha. Eratosthenes went to Alexandria and found out that the light hit the earth at an angle of 7.2 degrees. Hipparchus divided the Earth's surface into 360 degrees. The numbers from one to 400 are written in a table, with the numbers one to 20 across the top row. He also tried to determine the obliquity of the ecliptic. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. That is why he thought that he would arrive in Asia on his journey and did not realize that a new continent had arrived. Eratosthenes' "Geography". The role of p ychologi t in relation to mental health and well-being i extremely important today, and it i not urpri ing that many people have the need to go to p ychotherapy e ion or require p ycholo Few mu ician have o marked the future of modern mu ic a Michael Jack on, con idered the King of Pop. He is regarded as the first scientific geographer who measured the length of the equator almost accurately (24860 miles) on sound principles with the help of gnomon. Eratosthenes (l. c. 276-195 BCE) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, and poet best known for being the first to calculate the circumference of the earth and its axial tilt. Unfortunately, there are no documents left of his work after the destruction of the Library of Alexandria. When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. He was born in 271 BC in Cyrene, which is now known as Libya, in North Africa. [23] Strabo says that Eratosthenes was wrong to claim that Alexander had disregarded the counsel of his advisers. The Classical Review. He created an algorithm to find prime numbers that is known as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. Menu. He estimated the Earths circumference to be nearly 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). Eratosthenes noted that at Alexandria, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. For his contributions to philosophy, Eratosthenes was called the second Plato. [6] His devotees nicknamed him Pentathlos after the Olympians who were well rounded competitors, for he had proven himself to be knowledgeable in every area of learning. He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. Geography consisted of eight volumes. Youll get a, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Eratosthenes was a lover of the theater and wrote a series of twelve books which he titled Old Comedy. Ptolemy III was not moved only by his interest in the work of Eratosthenes, but also by political motives. Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers. The second book contains his calculation of the circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first good measurement of the size of Earth. Eratosthenes was called The Father Of Geography, since he was very knowledgeable about the earth. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, was the first to use the word Geography (Greek: Geographika). Eratosthenes introduced latitude and longitude. The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. He is credited with devising an algorithm for finding prime numbers called the sieve of Eratosthenes, in which one arranges the natural numbers in numerical order and strikes out one, every second number following two, every third number following three, and so on, which just leaves the prime numbers. Despite not having a prominent ancestry, Eratosthenes did come from a city that had achieved recognition by the men who were born in it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2012-2023 On Secret Hunt - All Rights Reserved Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: ), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. It does so by iteratively marking as composite, i.e., not prime, the multiples of each prime, starting with the multiples of 2. Eratosthenes was well acquainted with the extent of the Red sea, which he described as extending for about 9000 stadia (900 miles) from the head of Gulf of Suez to the Bab-al-Mandab. Eratosthenes was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earths axis, which he figured with remarkable accuracy; the finding was reported by Ptolemy (85-165 CE). His measurement of Earths circumference may have varied by 0.5 to 17 percent from the value accepted by modern astronomers, but it was certainly in the right range. Rist, J.M. A librarian named Hipparchus later placed lines of longitude at regular intervals, and this was improved even more by Ptolemy, who added cardinal directions and divided degrees into minutes and seconds. Eratosthenes calculates circumference of Earth, invents latitude and longitude 230 B.C. Plato as "Architect of Science". Your email address will not be published. Eratosthenes calculated the Earths circumference, and invented the latitude/longitude system. Eratosthenes Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. Eratosthenes also studied under the poet and scholar Callimachus who had also been born in Cyrene. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. He set the circumference measurement at 252,000 stadia, which is approximately 39,691 kilometers. Required fields are marked *. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Eratosthenes Of Cyrene 13. However, a simplified version of the method has been preserved, as described by Cleomedes.[15]. Due to the increased risk of food poisoning, eating this popular, Petra was ecstatic over Jane and Rafaels happy ending during the series finale, fearing that she would never find love again. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. Eratosthenes (born c. 276 BCE, Cyrene, Libya) was a Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet who made the first measurements of Earths size for which any details are known. Of the four people named as his students in Suda, three cannot be identified with certainty and were therefore hardly important scientists. Who can fully deduct traditional IRA contributions? The multiples of a given prime are generated starting from that prime, as a sequence of numbers with the same difference, equal to that prime, between consecutive numbers. Geographika had 3 volumes. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. It starts with 2 and all the numbers that are multiples of that first digit are crossed out, then the same is done with the next number that is not crossed out and so on. The estimate is over 99 percent of the actual distance of 40,008 km. Ben-Avraham et al. He became famous for being the first to calculate, with considerable precision, the circumference of the earth. A new play celebrates the 17th-Century Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi, who defied her rape and torture through masterful paintings. Using his discoveries and knowledge of its size and shape, he began to sketch it. : 3373 , 02-3298322 A . Eratosthenes was afflicted by blindness in his old age, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation. What are the most common nonsilicate, Your floor (length x width) can be used to calculate your square footage. Eratosthenes made calculations in which he discovered that in a year there were 365 days and every four years there were 366 days. The first discussed the problems of representing a spherical earth on a flat sheet . Between 276 and 195 BC, he created one of the first known maps of the world, but his most significant contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. One of the main contributions of Eratosthenes to science and astronomy was his important work regarding They helped find new colonies, explored some of North America and were great navigators. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. So, he measured the angle of elevation during the same period and at the same time in Alexandria with the help of a gnomon. He established the value of each degree in 700 stadiums and a total circumference of 252,000, corresponding to approximately 39,691 kilometers, since the stadium was a difficult measure to determine. Scientific Oceanography James Cook - 1768- HMS Endeavor very talented navigator, cartographer, writer, artist diplomat, sailor, scientist, dietition Scientific Contributions: 1. We do not know what he looked like. The HMS Challenger originally was designed as a British warshipa steam corvette in the Royal Navyoutfitted with 17 guns and an engine capable of over 1,200 horsepower. Eratosthenes was born in the Greek colony Cyrene, now the city of Shahhat, Libya. Cyrene was founded by Greeks from Thera before 600 BC, and it prospered as an independent city until the arrival of the Hellenic era. The authors' texts have always been recognized for their readability, currency, dynamic art program, delivery of basic principles and instructor flexibility. Looked for continent - found New Zealand, Great barrier reef, numerous small islands [6], Eratosthenes made several important contributions to mathematics and science, and was a friend of Archimedes. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first accurate measurement of the circumference of the Earth. [9], The measurement of Earth's circumference is the most famous among the results obtained by Eratosthenes,[13] who estimated that the meridian has a length of 252,000 stadia (39,060 to 40,320 kilometres (24,270 to 25,050mi)), with an error on the real value between 2.4% and +0.8% (assuming a value for the stadion between 155 and 160 metres (509 and 525ft)). He also calculated the tilt axis of the Earth. He concluded that the circumference of the earth was about 50 times greater than the distance from Alexandria to Aswan. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. On oceanography he was considered an . The actual circumference of the Earth is 24,874 miles (40,032 kilometers). This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. Later he joined the Platonists as a pupil of Arcesilao.It was then that Eratosthenes created a work called Platonicus, in which, following Plato's method, he explored mathematical and cosmological issues. The first recorded use of the word geography was by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar who lived from 276-194 BC who is credited with creating the discipline of geography (Eratosthenes' Geography. [12] As he aged, he contracted ophthalmia, becoming blind around 195 BC. "La climatologie d'ratosthne Posidonios: gense d'une science humaine". Was nicknamed Beta by other Greeks of his time, in reference to the second letter of the alphabet. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Definition. [9] He wrote poems: one in hexameters called Hermes, illustrating the god's life history; and another in elegiacs, called Erigone, describing the suicide of the Athenian maiden Erigone (daughter of Icarius). The pecialized text They are thoe that contain a vocabulary and terminology pecific to a certain branch of knowledge. Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Eratosthenes (276-194 BC) Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. The children were trained from the age of seven in subjects such as literature, sports and music. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician with a strong interest in geography. He published a book that he called GeographikaIt was there that he first coined the term geography. A Tradition of Exploration Norwegian pioneers throughout history The Viking Age From 800 to 1066 AD, the Vikings journeyed in their longships to explore and establish trade around Europe. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. He is also regarded as the Father of Geography.. What did Eratosthenes study? He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. [5] He adopted view of Aristotle & regarded the shape of the earth as sphere. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. Some time ago he had gone blind from cataracts and is believed to have committed suicide by starvation. In addition, he calculated approximate distances between them. He also suggested that lakes were the source of the river. He was the first to affirm that the heavy rains in the headwaters could explain the floods in the lower part of the flow. Arabs were highly influenced by the Greek ideas about the shape and size of the earth. 2006. [6] Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under Callimachus. He also devised a system for discovering prime numbers as whole numbers that can only be divided by themselves or the number 1. Earth Science Oceanography: An Invitation To Marine Science, Loose-leaf Versin How did the Library of Alexandria contribute to the development of marine science? Atlantic Ocean- long, narrow, parrallel sides 68% of freshwater runs into it. Like any young Greek at the time, Eratosthenes would have studied in the local gymnasium, where he would have learned physical skills and social discourse as well as reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, and music.[9]. He calculated the Earth's circumference. The Arabs were the great contributors in the field of mathematical, physical and regional geography. Now part of modern-day Libya, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of Pentapolis (North Africa), a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, Berenice, Ptolemias, and Apollonia. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Using your own words, write a paragraph about Eratosthenes and his contributions to math and science. He lived from 276 to 194 B.C. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. Each fragment is accompanied by an English translation, a summary, and commentary. Corrections? The contributions of eratosthenes. In addition to the attempts of Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276c. He created a device called the mesolabe, a kind of abacus for measurements and proportions, which he dedicated to King Ptolemy III. Read about the life of Eratosthenes. Geographers look at both the physical properties of the Earths surface and the human societies that live on it. Eratosthenes. The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term "geography" between 275 and 194 BC. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt . Sieve of Eratosthenes: algorithm steps for primes below 121 (including optimization of starting from the prime's square). Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Eratosthenes who made observations at Syene (Aswan) and Alexandria calculated the circumference of the earth as 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). 3. He made two important contributions, out of which one was later proved wrong, while the other was right, but it was overlooked for a long time. Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? . Definition. Archimedes is regarded as one of the most notable Greek mathematicians. *Egyptians utilized the Nile River and created a commerce based on ship-based trade (4000 BC). He also made a chart with the chronology of the Egyptian kings of Thebes, wrote about the conquests of Alexander the Great, and made a description of Greece at that time. Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. However, he assumed that Siena was right over the Tropic of Cancer, a fact that was incorrect. So he trained and became famous as an academic. He was called Pentathlos, a title given to those who were victors in the five tests of the Olympic games, because he dedicated himself to cultivating all areas of knowledge. He has written works on geography, philosophy, history, astronomy, mathematics, and literary criticism. Eratosthenes's main interest in youth was philosophy and that vocation led him to Athens at the age of 15. Eratosthenes was an illustrious ancient Greek polymath who had expertise in mathematics, astronomy and geography. Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. The course consists of an extensive examination of physical and cultural factors that contribute to and produce the variable character of the earth's surface and a discussion of the significance of . [6] He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes, [7] He measure accurate length of equator, [8] Circumferences of the earth by Eratosthenes 25000 miles, but actual 24860 miles, PDF Name: Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Notes by Netset Corner, Chronologically Arranged Schools and Associate Scholars. % complete % complete . As a young man, he traveled to Athens to pursue his studies. Eratosthenes' other contributions include: The Sieve of Eratosthenes as a way of finding prime numbers. Trigonometry can be used to roof a house, to make the roof inclined ( in the case of single individual bungalows) and the height of the roof in buildings etc. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology;[5] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the mythical Trojan War, dating the sack of Troy to 1183 BC. Uf Women's Studies Electives, He was a follower of Aristotle in his belief about the spherical shape of the Earth which he considered to be placed in the centre of the universe. ISBN: 978-0-691-14267-8. According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth. One of the Greeks primary contributions to oceanography and seafaring is the latitude/longitude system. Woocommerce Customization Tutorial, Definition of Oceanography 1. JR, on the other, Either is a correct plural for the word leaf, according to Merriam-Websters online dictionary. The texts of his early works as a poet are not preserved either; however, some names were passed on to posterity through quotations from other Greeks. In the second, he showed his studies on the dimensions of the earth and the last was devoted to political geography. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. He remained the librarian for about 40 years till his death. He was appointed as the Librarian of the Library of Alexandria-the post of highest academic honour of that period. Despite the fact that in Greek times young people from wealthy families had more access to education, there were male academies. Pacific Ocean- Largest, deepest, lots of islands and seamounts. Cyrene, then a Greek city, is now the town of Shahhat in Libya. It was said that these were copied so accurately that it was impossible to tell if the library had returned the original or the copy. So he studied there, and briefly in Athens as well. More than 400 places appeared in that work, but it was lost, except for the references of historians of the time. He tried to fix the dates of literary and political events since the siege of Troy. Yet, according to an entry[7] in the Suda (a 10th-century encyclopedia), some critics scorned him, calling him Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he always came in second in all his endeavours. They believed only rivers had currents, and named this mass of water okeanos (meaning river), from which we derived our term . He may have measured the distances from Earth to both the Moon and to the Sun, but the historical accounts of both deeds are rather cryptic. The Greeks not only extended the horizon of geography from the Aegean Sea to Spain and Gaul, the Russian steppes in Central Asia, the Indus river in the east and Ethiopia in the south, but also put the subject on a sound footing by making remarkable contributions in the field of mathematical, physical, historical and regional geography. Eratosthenes is also well-known for his astronomical achievements. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. Now part of modern-day Libya, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of Pentapolis (North Africa), a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, Berenice, Ptolemias, and Apollonia. Who is father of geography in India? Eratosthenes had a significant impact on geography. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. The technology geographers and other scientists use to study the physical and cultural environments spatially and over time is with geospatial technology. Life. Eratosthenes also wrote Olympic Victors, a chronology of the winners of the Olympic Games. However, his contributions to the study of the earth gave him the title of father of geography.

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